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}}}} | }}}}}} |common_name = Afghanistan |image_flag = Flag of Afghanistan.svg |image_coat = National Emblem of Afghanistan 03.png |symbol_type = Coat of arms |national_motto = "" |national_anthem = |image_map = Afghanistan (orthographic projection).svg |image_map2 = Afghanistan - Location Map (2013) - AFG - UNOCHA.svg |capital = Kabul |latd = 34 |latm = 32 |latNS = N |longd = 69 |longm = 08 |longEW = E |largest_city = Kabul |languages_type = Official languages |languages = 〔 |religion = Islam |demonym = Afghan |government_type = Unitary presidential Islamic republic |leader_title1 = President |leader_name1 = Md. Ashraf Ghani |leader_title2 = Chief Executive Officer |leader_name2 = Abdullah Abdullah |legislature = National Assembly |upper_house = House of Elders |lower_house = House of the People |established_event1 = |established_date1 = April 1451 |established_event2 = |established_date2 = April 1709 |established_event3 = Recognized |established_date3 = 19 August 1919 |area_km2 = 652864〔(Central Statistics Organization of Afghanistan ): (Statistical Yearbook 2012–2013 ): (Area and administrative Population )〕 |area_sq_mi = 251827 |area_rank = 41st |area_magnitude = 1_E11 |percent_water = negligible |population_estimate = 32,564,342〔 |population_estimate_year = 2015 |population_estimate_rank = 40th |population_density_km2 = 43.5 |population_density_sq_mi = 111.8 |population_density_rank = 150th |GDP_PPP_year = 2014 |GDP_PPP_rank = |GDP_PPP = $36.838 billion〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Afghanistan )〕 |GDP_PPP_per_capita = $1,177〔 |GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = |GDP_nominal_year = 2014 |GDP_nominal = $21.747 billion〔 |GDP_nominal_per_capita = $695〔 |Gini_year = 2008 |Gini_rank = |Gini_change = |Gini = 29 |Gini_ref = |HDI_year = 2013 |HDI_change = steady |HDI = 0.468 |HDI_ref = |HDI_rank = 169th |currency = Afghani |currency_code = AFN |time_zone = D† |utc_offset = +4:30 |drives_on = left |calling_code = +93 |country_code = AFG |cctld = .af افغانستان. }} Afghanistan (Pashto/Dari: , ''Afġānistān''), officially the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, is a landlocked country located within South Asia and Central Asia.〔〔 It has a population of approximately 32 million, making it the 42nd most populous country in the world. It is bordered by Pakistan in the south and east; Iran in the west; Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and Tajikistan in the north; and China in the far northeast. Its territory covers , making it the 41st largest country in the world. Human habitation in Afghanistan dates back to the Middle Paleolithic Era, and the country's strategic location along the Silk Road connected it to the cultures of the Middle East and other parts of Asia. Through the ages the land has been home to various peoples and witnessed numerous military campaigns, notably by Alexander the Great, Muslim Arabs, Mongols, British, Soviet Russians, and in the modern-era by Western powers. The land also served as the source from which the Kushans, Hephthalites, Samanids, Saffarids, Ghaznavids, Ghorids, Khiljis, Mughals, Hotaks, Durranis, and others have risen to form major empires. The political history of the modern state of Afghanistan began with the Hotak and Durrani dynasties in the 18th century. In the late 19th century, Afghanistan became a buffer state in the "Great Game" between British India and the Russian Empire. Following the Third Anglo-Afghan War in 1919, King Amanullah unsuccessfully attempted to modernize the country. It remained peaceful during Zahir Shah's forty years of monarchy. A series of coups in the 1970s was followed by a Soviet invasion and a series of civil wars that devastated much of Afghanistan. This was followed by the recent $100 billion nationwide rebuilding process. == Etymology == (詳細はethnonym ''Afghan'', which is documented in the 10th-century geography book ''Hudud ul-'alam''. The root name "Afghan" was used historically in reference to a member of the ethnic Pashtuns, and the suffix "-stan" means "place of" in the local languages. Therefore, Afghanistan translates to ''land of the Afghans''. The Constitution of Afghanistan states that "()he word Afghan shall apply to every citizen of Afghanistan."〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.embassyofafghanistan.org/page/constitution )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Afghanistan」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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